Wireless telegraphy.



J. H. OUNTZ.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 16, 1903 Patented July 13, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l. T 3 1 13.7

QQHFHCMC J. H. GUNTZ.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED MAR.16, 1903.

927,641. Patented July 13, 1909.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2,

Fig. 3. M B E a IJOHNIFH. CUNTZ, or HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 13, 1909.

Application filed March 16, 1908. Serial No. 148,085.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN H. CUN'rz, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Hobokon, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for fireless Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

This invention relates to systems of electric wireless communication.

Among its objects are simple, effective and otherwise advantageous methods of selective wireless signaling, the wireless transmission of sounds, and others which are more fully set forth hereafter.

In my apparatus for selective wireless communication, instead of the usual electrical tuning, the syntonization is accomplished by mechanical and acoustic methods.

When the customary transmitting apparatus of a wireless-telegraph system is set in. operation, electromagnetic waves, with frequencies of the order of, say, 1,000,000 per secon d, are propagated. These waves, be1ng started by the oscillatory discharge at a spark gap, decay rapidly, so that the number of waves due to a single original impulse is comparatively small, and theperiod of activity of these waves is only a small fraction of a second. 1 If now, these impulses, caused by the interruption of the primary current of an induction coil, .or b any other convenient method, instead of eing given in a haphazard way, are regularly timed, at definite intervals, groups oi high-frequenc electromagnetic waves will be propagate and by means of suitable transmitting app aratus, these wave-groups may be made to have any convenient periodicity, or frequency, of a lower order than the electromagnetic-wave frequency. For instance, these groups may be given the frequency of audible tones, of the order, say, of 100. or 1000 per second, each group being composed v of a comparatively few electromagnetic waves of the order of 1,000,000 per second. If,"n'ow, at the receiving station there be placed 'suitable acoustic and mechanical receiving apparatus which will respond only to wave-groups with frequencies of a definite pitch, such apparatus will select and receive messages from only those transmitting stations which send out wave-groups of this tions, together with the drawings forming part hereof.

Figures 1 and l -show, respectivel ,a transmitting and a receiving station, eac containing a plurality of corresponding selective devices. with a single apparatuswhich can send out wave-groups of dnlerent frequencies; Fig. 2 shows a receiving station with a plurality of selective receiving and recording devices in series. Fig. 3 shows a transmitting station with another form of apparatus for, sending wave-groups of different frequencies. Fig. 3 shows a receiving station with a plurality of magnetic selective receiving and recording devices in series. Fig. 4 shows a receiving station with a plurality of another form of selective receiving devices in parallel.

In Fig. 1, A is an aerial wire, or antenna; E is a grounded wire; 0 is a spark gap, in circuit with the secondary winding, S, of an induction coil. P is the primary winding Fig. 2 shows a transmitting station of the same induction coil; H is a battery, or

other source of current; K is a key for making and breaking the primarycircuit' when signals are to be sent; F, is a tuning fork having a definite pitch; J is a cup containing mercury, into which dips a snlalll'od or needle point attached to the tuning fork; N is an electromagnet for maintaining the tuning fork at its natural rate of vibration. F is a tuning fork of a pitch different from F and it is in circuit with'key K5, mercury cup J electromagnet N primary winding P, and battery H. F is a tuning fork of a pitch different from F and F and it is in' circuit with key K mercury cu electromagnet N rimary winding and battery H. It WiIFbe seen that F,,, F and F are in parallel circuit and are all connected with the battery H and the priinary winding P through their respective keys K,,, K and K In Fig. 1*, B is an aerial wire, or antenna;

E, is a grounded wire L is a device sensitive to high-frequency electric waves, such as a coherer, an ant1-coherer or a responder, which,

after being affected by the electric waves, re-' I near the electromagnet U In Fig. 2, A is an aerial wire, or antenna;

7 E, is a grounded wire; 0 is a spark gap, in

circuit with the condenser, C, and the secondary winding, S, of an induction coil. P is the primary winding of the same induction coil; H is a battery, or other source of ourrent; K is a key for signaling; I is an interformer.

speed.

rupter which revolves at any determined s eed and makes and breaks contact with t e mercury in the cup J, or with some solid contact piece, not shown. e is an electromagnet in a shunt circuit, in which the current changes at the same rate as in the main circuit, H K J I P f is a tuning fork of the same pitch as the one at the receiving station which it is desired to affect, and it (f) will be caused to vibrate by the changing current in the electromagnet e and will sound its characteristic note when the interrupter is working at the proper speed. I

In Egg. 2, 'B is an aerial wire, or antenna; E is a grounded wire; L is a device sensitive to high-frequency electric waves, such as a coherer, an anti-coherer or a responder, which, after being affected by the electric waves, returns immediately to its normal state. V is a battery or other source of current. U, and U, are solenoids in series with each other and with V and L. F is a tuning fork of a definite pitch, placed near U,; Q, is a marking point, or siphon recorder, in close proximity to F,, and which is struck by F,, when the latter vibrates; R, is a paper ribbon or tape, on which a. record is made by Q,. F is a tuning fork of a pitch different from F,, and is placed near U Q, is a marking point, or siphon recorder, and R is a ta e, having functions similar, respectively, to (5 and R,.

In Fig. 3, A is an aerial wire; E is a grounded wire; 0 is a spark gap in circuit with the secondary winding, S, of a trans- P is the .imary winding of the same transformer; is a key for signaling; G is an alternating-current generator which can be made to revolve at any determined 6 is an ele'ctromagnetin a shunt circuit, in which the current varies at the same rate as in the main circuit, G K P;

i f isfa tuning fork having the same function asf in Fig. 2.

In Fig. 3, B is an aerial wire; E, is a grounded wire. M, is a magnetic core composed, preferably, of a number of thin iron or steel wires; D, is a coil of insulated, conducting wire, wound on M, and in circuit with B and E,. Y, is a coil of insulated, conducting wire, also wound on M,, and in circuit with a source of alternating current,W. F, is a tunin fork of a definite pitch, placed near M,; is a marking point. or siphon recorder, attached to F,; B, Is a paper ribbon or tape, on which a record is made by Q,. M is a magnetic core similar to M,; D is a coil wound about M and is similar to D,, and is in series with the latter and with B and E Y is a coil similar to Y,, wound on M and in series with Y, and W. F 2 is a tuning fork of a pitch different from F and is placed near M Q is a marking point, or siphon recorder, attached to F .11 is a paper ribbon or tape, 011 which a record is made by Q In Fig. 4, B is an aerial wire,' E is a grounded wire; L is a device sensitive to high-frequency electricwaves, such as a coherer, an anti-coherer or a responder, which, after being affected by the electric waves, returns immediately to its. normal condition. U, is an electromagnet in circuit with a battery, or other source of current, V, and with L. F, is a tuning fork of a definite pitch, placed near U,; V, is a battery, or other source of current; T, is a contact point which is touched by F, when the latter vibrates, and a circuit is then completed through V,, F,, T and R,, the last being a recording apparatus which is simply indicated by a rectangle. of copper, or some other good conductor, placed near F, in order to damp the latter's movements. U is an electromagnet in circuit with a battery, or other source of current, V and with L. F is a tuning fork, of a pitch different from F,, placed near U is a battery, or other source of current; T is a contact point which is touched by F when the latter vibrates, and a circuitis then established through V ,-F T and R the last being a recording apparatus which is indicated simply by-a'rectangle. g is a vesc, and 0 are masses sel containing oil,or some other suitable 1 liquid, 0, in which F is placed in order to damp its vibrations.

It will be seen that I embody my inven tion, as appears in Fig. 1 in a transmitting apparatus lnwhich I use a steel or ron tuning fork, maintained 1n vibratlon at its natural frequency, while the signaling key is closed, by an electromagnet or otherwise, to interru t the primary current of an induction coil. he secondary circuit of the induction coil is connected to a spark gap, or other source of high-frequency oscillations, as used in wireless telegraphy. The tuning fork makes and breaks the circuit by mechanical contact with solid contacts or, preferably, by means of a small rod or needle point dipping into a mercury cup. The primary current isfurnished by a primary or secondary battery or in any other convenient way. In the apparatus shown in the figure, the electromagnet which maintains the tuning fork in vibration isin the main circuit'with the sending key and the primary of the induction coil. The tuning fork will therefore only be in vibration while signals are actually being sent. But the tuning fork may be maintained continuously in vibration by any other suitable means. I use as many different tuning forks as is desirable, each in a separate circuit, but all in parallel. Each tuning-fork circuit is controlled by a key, with which the signals are sent, and the different circuits can be operated either separately or simultaneously, without interfering with each other. When they operate simultaneously, they can send out signals to different receivin stations, or they can send a combined signa composed of a number of tones, or a chord, or even a combination of sounds which will form articulate speech, to one or more receiving stations.

In my. receiving apparatus, I employ, in

circuit with the customary aerial and earth wires, a coherer, or an anti-coherer, or a responder, which, after responding to highfre uency electric waves, returns immediate y to its normal state. In alocal circuit with this coherer, or anti-coherer, or reponder, is a battery and a solenoid or an ectromagnet. 'The current in this circuit changes every time a wave-group strikes the coherer, or anti-coherer or responder. A steel or iron tuning fork is placed in proximity to the solenoid or electromagnet, so that when the ma netic field of the latter is changed at regu ar intervals corresponding to the natural rate of vibration of the tuning fork, the latter will begin to vibrate and sound its characteristic note. There may be as many tuning forks, of various pitches, at a receiving station as is desired,

' each being of the same pitch as a corresponding tuning fork at a transmitting station. Each tuning fork is controlled byan electromagnet or solenoid, and these electromagnets may be in series with each other, or they may be in parallel. These tuning forks can operate singly or simultaneously. When t ey operate simultaneously, they can'receive signals from different transmitting stations at the same time, or they can receive a combined si nal, composed 'of a' number of tones, or a (filOld, oreven a combination of sounds which will form articulate speech, from one or more transmittingstatlons.

In another formof transmitting apparatus, shown in Fig. 2, I usea mechanical in,- terrupter in place of the tuning-fork'inter-r rupter This mechanical interrupter con sists of a revolving wheel with Contact pieces on its periphery, which make contact with a conducting brush or strip of metal, or of a right frequency.

-revolving wheel with proj eeting points makmechanical interrupter is operated in a way to send out from the transmitting station wave-groups of the desired frequency. In transmittingapparatus such as is shown in Fig. 2, I usea tuning fork to determine the This tuning fork has the same pitch as has the one at the receiving station I wish to communicate with, and it is placed near an electromagnet in a shunt circuit, where the current changes at the same rate as in the main circuit. When the right frequency is reached, this tuning fork Will sound its characteristic note, and will continue to do so as long as the desired frequency is maintained. When another receiving station is to be communicated with, another tuning fork, of the proper pitch, is used to indicate. synchronism. In this transmitting apparatus I use a condenser in circuit with the secondary of the induction coil and with the spark gap, but the apparatus will operate also without the condenser. The other forms of transmitting apparatus are shown without a condenser, ut the latter may be used With any of them, when desirable.

In a third form of transmitting apparatus, shown in Fig. 3, I use an alternating-current generator in circuit with the step-up transformer, the secon ary of which is in circuit with a spark gap or other means of producing high-frequency electrical oscillatlons, and there may also be a condenser arranged so as to be charged bythe secondary current and discharged through the spark gap or other source of high-frequency e ectrica oscillations. The speed of the alternator can be varied so that it will generate currents of a suitable frequency. A tuning fork,f, or some other form of synchronization indicator, is used with this transmitting apparatus. A key, properly made to handle as large a current as may be necessary, is placed in the circuit of the alternator and the rimary coil, and is used to make and brea the circuit and so send signals, or some form of mechanical apiaratus for sending signals may be used. inthis transmitting apparatus, the secondary circuit is fixed once I for all, and the tuning is accomplished by varying the frequency of the current in the rlmary circuit, which determines the group requency or periodicity.

In the form of receiving apparatus shown inFig. 2*,I employ in circuit with the aerial and earth wires, a coherer, or an anti-coherer, or a responder, which, after being affected by rimary of a I the incoming high-frequency electric waves, returns immediately to its normal condition. In a local circuit with this coherer, or antlcoherer, or responder, is a battery, or other .,changes in the current of the local circuit occur at the natural rate of vibration of an of these tuning forks, such tuning fork wil start to vibrate. In close proximity to each tuningfork, but independently supported, is

a marking point, such as an ink siphon, a pencil or a pen, shown at Q, and Q Fig. 2", which rests upon a pa er ribbon or tape, shown at R and R he marking point is far enough from the tuning fork'not to be influenced by slight movements of the fork, due to sirgle impulses of current, or otherwise; but when the tuning fork is set in regular vibration by an incoming signal, it will strike the marking point, or ink siphon, or its support, and cause the marking point to make a record on the tape. The tape is moved by any suitable means, not shown. When the tuning fork strikes the marking point, its vibrations are stopped, unless its impelling signal is still being made, and it becomes ready to respond to the next signal. In this form of receiving apparatus, as in all the others, there may be as many tuning forks, of various pitches, with their accessory devices, as is desirable, each one responsive to a definitely-tunedtransmitting apparatus. It should be noted, that when a device making a visible record is used, the impulses due to the incoming wave-grou s may have frequencies below and above t .e limits of audibility.

In another form of receiving apparatus, shown in Fig. 3, instead of the coherer, or

anti-coherer, or'responder, I employ a mag netic detector of electric waves, which consists, preferably, of a bundle of thin iron or steel wires on which are wound a coil in circuit with the'aerial wire and the earth wire, and a second coil through which flows a slowly-alternating current from an independent source. This alternating current slowly and gradually changes the magnetism of the iron wires, which are then in a state of eculiar sensitiveness to electric waves. he groups of electric waves, coming in over the receiving wires, make corresponding changes in 'the magnetism of the iron wires. A tuning fork; in proximity to this magnetic receiver, is affected by these changes, and if the wave-group impulses are The magnetic fields of the solenoids the tuning fork, the latter will vibrate. Any of the apparatus heretofore described can be emdploye to make an audible or a visible recor of the Incoming signals, in the ways already indicated, but in the form of receivim apparatus shown in Fig. 3, the tuning fork has attached to it a light marking point, such as a pencil, a pleln or an ink siphon, shown at Q, and Q W 'ch rests upon a moving stri or ribbon of paper. When the tuning for is set in vibration by the incoming groups of waves, as already described, the attached marking ppint makes a record on the paper ribbon, w 'ch record can be read in the usual telegraphic way. The markin sides its principal function, fu s another one in the following we By its friction on the paper it prevents t e tuning fork from starting off, at a single impulse there must be several properly-timed lmpulses before the tuning fork can 'et under way; and, also, as soon as the impu ses due to the waverou s have ceased, the fork will be imme iate y brought to rest by the friction of the marking point on the paper, and will be ready to receive the next signal. Whenever the tuning fork has attached to it a marking oint, small rod, needle point, or anything e se, in the transmitting and receiving apparatus here described, proper allowance must be made for the change in its natural rate of vibration, caused thereby. The slowl -alternating current, or the slow changes of magnetism of the magnetic receiver, or both, will cause the tuning fork to execute correspending slow, to-and-fro movements, but t e tunin fork will emit no sound in consequence 0 these movements, as their frequency is below the limits of audibility and when the tuning fork has a marking point attached, this point will trace on the paper ribbon a sinuous curve, of smooth re ularity, upon which the sharp, sudden signaI the natural responsive vibrations of the tuning fork will be superposed, and will be as easily distinguished from the smooth regular curve as from a straight line. When the tunin fork makes a record by striking against 9. mar ing point, or by making a contact, the regular marks and records, at comparatively ,long intervals, due to theslowly changing magnetism of the magnetic receiver, are easily distinguishable from the marks and records made by the signals. In this form of receiving apparatus, there may be as many magnetic detectors as is desirable, arranged in series or in parallel, with the corresponding tuning forks and accessory apparatus. The coils shown in the figure cover only part of the magnetic core, but they may cover the Whole of it, and one coil mav be wound over s due to the other, properly insulated therefrom, and

their relative positions on the core may be chan ed, so that the coil connected with the 65-01, the same frequency as the natural one of l aeria and earth Wires shall be next to the tum'n fork. The magnetic core may have any esired shape, such, for instance, as a horseshoe form.

In still other forms of receiving apparatus, shown in Fig. 4, there is a device sensitive to high-frequency electric waves, such as a coherer, an anti-coherer or a responder, in circuit with the customary aerial and earth wires. In local circuit with the coherer are a battery, or other source of current, V, and an electromagnet or solenoid, U Near the electromagnet is a tuning fork, set in vibration by the incoming signals as already described. When the tuning fork vibrates with sufficient amplitude, it strikes the contact point, T and completes a secondarylocal circuit containing a battery and a'recording apparatus. The recording apparatus is merely indicated by a rectangle, and may be of any kind, making an audible signal or a visible record. The conta'ct point, T is far enough from the tuning fork not to he touched when the tuning fork makes only slight movements, due to single wave imulses, or other causes. But when the tunmg fork executes its regular vibrations it will strike the contact point. In so doing, it

- will be brought to rest, if the impelling signal is notcontinued, and will be in condition to receive the next signal. At 0 and 0 are shown masses of copper in roximity to the tuning fork. If the latter e magnetic, its movements will induce eddy currents in the copper masses, which will tend to stop these movements. The copper masses are used in this way, when necessary, to clamp the move-"- ments of the tuning fork, to, prevent it from starting ofl without ,a succession of sufficiently strong impulses, and to stop it when the impelling impulse has ceased this pro viding In effect a controlling device rendering the tuning forks self-restoring when the transmitted impulse has ceased and causing the same immediately to be restored to a responsive state in repose and in readiness for the next signal.

On the right-hand side of Fig. 4 is shown a receiving apparatus similar to that just de'- scribed, except that in place of the copper masses, a liquid, such as oil, in which the tuning fork is immersed, wholly'or partially, is used to damp its movements, to prevent it from starting off without sufficient cause and to bring it promptly to rest. This liquid is contained in a glass, or other kind of vessel.

These various methods of damping or stopping the vibrations of the tuning fork can be employed in the other forms of receiving apparatus shown.

In Fig. 4, the electromagnets which influence the tuning forks are shown in independcut parallel circuits, but they may also be in series. In all the receiving apparatus herein described, the individual sets of instruments may be either in series or'in parallel.

; tion.

' the influence of the solenoids, electromagnets and magnets which form part of the apparatus described in these specifications.

In the figures here given, only simple forms of wireless-telegraph transmitting and receivlng circuits are shown, but I do not confine myself to these forms, as other forms of circuits may be used with my apparatus.

In the figures, only two or three sets of recelvmg apparatus are shown, but any number may e used, as in my system there is a wide range of selectivity.

Any of the receiving instruments here shown may be used with any of the transmitting apparatus, and vice versa.

The drawings are diagrammatic and, in order to avoid confusion, omit some of the details of the auxiliary apparatus. In general, I do not confine myself to the exact constructions here shown, but

What I claim as my invention and desire .to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a Wireless transmission system a transmlttlng apparatus embodying means for sending out electric wave groups having a fected by wave groups of a definlte frequency and electro-magnetic means for restoring the receiving apparatus to its responsive condi- 2. In a wireless transmission system receiving apparatus embodying means responsive to wave groups of a periodicity lower than that of the electric waves which coinpose the groups, and electric means tending 10:,

to maintain the receiving devices in a respone sive condition.

3. In a wireless transmission system receiving means maintained in a condition responsive to electric wave groups having frequencies substantially within the limits of audibility.

4. The combination in a receiving-apparatus of a wireless system, of a device sensitive to electric waves, a tuning fork, and means for dampening the vibrations of the tuning fork.

5. The combination in a wireless receiving apparatus of a responder, and a controlled device responsive to waves of lower frequency than the frequency of the Hertzian waves.

6. The combination in a receiving apparat us of a wireless system, of a device responsive to electric waves of high frequency, and a device responsive to waves of lower frequency, and automatically electro-magnetic restoring means for the same.

7. In a wireless system the combination of a detectorof high frequency electric waves,

definite frequency, receiving apparatus'afand aiplurality of self-restoring receiving devices in'series responsive to waves of lower frequency. v

8. The combination in a, wireless system of 5 a detector of high fre uency electric waves, and aplurality of se f-restoring dampened receiving devices responsive to waves of lower frequencies.

9. In a system of wireless communication 10 a plurality of simultaneously operative selective receiving devices, and electro-niag-" netic means forrestoring them to a responslve conditlon.

This s ecification signed and witnessed In the presence of- ANTHONY N. JESBERA, LUCIUS E. VARNEY. 

